Lipase

Test Overview

A lipase test measures the amount of this enzyme in a blood sample. High amounts of lipase may be found in the blood when the pancreas is damaged or when the tube leading from the pancreas (pancreatic duct) to the beginning of the small intestine is blocked.

Why It Is Done

A lipase test is done to:

Check for pancreatitis and other diseases of the pancreas.
See if the treatment for pancreatitis is working.
Help check for cystic fibrosis or see if treatment for it is working.

How To Prepare

Do not eat or drink anything except water for 8 to 12 hours before having a lipase test.

Talk to your doctor about any concerns you have regarding the need for the test, its risks, how it will be done, or what the results will mean. To help you understand the importance of this test, fill out the medical test information form(What is a PDF document?).

How It Is Done

Blood test

The health professional taking a sample of your blood will:

Wrap an elastic band around your upper arm to stop the flow of blood. This makes the veins below the band larger so it is easier to put a needle into the vein.
Clean the needle site with alcohol.
Put the needle into the vein. More than one needle stick may be needed.
Attach a tube to the needle to fill it with blood.
Remove the band from your arm when enough blood is collected.
Put a gauze pad or cotton ball over the needle site as the needle is removed.
Put pressure on the site and then put on a bandage.

How It Feels

The blood sample is taken from a vein in your arm. An elastic band is wrapped around your upper arm. It may feel tight. You may feel nothing at all from the needle, or you may feel a quick sting or pinch.

Risks

There is very little chance of a problem from having a blood sample taken from a vein.

You may get a small bruise at the site. You can lower the chance of bruising by keeping pressure on the site for several minutes.
In rare cases, the vein may become swollen after the blood sample is taken. This problem is called phlebitis. A warm compress can be used several times a day to treat this.

Results

Normal

A lipase test measures the amount of this enzyme in a blood sample. Results are normally available within 12 hours.

The normal values listed here-called a reference range-are just a guide. These ranges vary from lab to lab, and your lab may have a different range for what's normal. Your lab report should contain the range your lab uses. Also, your doctor will evaluate your results based on your health and other factors. This means that a value that falls outside the normal values listed here may still be normal for you or your lab.

Lipase^{footnote 1}
Adults age 60 and younger:	10-140 units per liter (U/L) or 0.17-2.3 microkatals/liter (mckat/L)
Adults older than age 60:	18-180 units per liter (U/L) or 0.30-3.0 mckat/L

High values

A high lipase level may be caused by:

Diseases of the pancreas, such as pancreatitis or cancer of the pancreas.
Problems with the gallbladder, such as gallstones and inflammation (cholecystitis).
Chronic kidney disease.
Problems with the intestines, such as bowel blockage (obstruction) or tissue death (infarction).
Infection, inflammation, or cancer of a salivary gland.
Peptic ulcer disease.
Primary biliary cirrhosis, a serious condition that damages the liver and keeps it from working the way it should.
Alcohol or drug abuse.

What Affects the Test

Reasons you may not be able to have the test or why the results may not be helpful include:

Medicines, such as anticoagulants, cholinergics, and opioids.
Diseases such as chronic kidney disease and high cholesterol.
Being pregnant.
Having an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) test before the lipase test.

What To Think About

You can have a high lipase level even when you do not have any problems with your pancreas.
A test for amylase, another enzyme produced by the pancreas, is often done at the same time as a test for lipase. Measuring both amylase and lipase sometimes can help determine the cause of a high amylase level. To learn more, see the topic Amylase.
The lipase test is more accurate than the amylase test for diagnosing pancreatitis.
Other blood tests that may be done at the same time as a test for lipase include calcium, glucose, phosphorus, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine.

References

Citations
Fischbach FT, Dunning MB III, eds. (2009). Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Other Works Consulted
Chernecky CC, Berger BJ (2008). Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures, 5th ed. St. Louis: Saunders.
Fischbach FT, Dunning MB III, eds. (2009). Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Pagana KD, Pagana TJ (2010). Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests, 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier.

Credits

ByHealthwise Staff

Primary Medical ReviewerE. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine

Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine

Martin J. Gabica, MD - Family Medicine

Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine

Specialist Medical ReviewerJerome B. Simon, MD, FRCPC, FACP - Gastroenterology

Current as ofNovember 10, 2016

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Current as of: November 10, 2016

Author: Healthwise Staff

Medical Review: E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine & Martin J. Gabica, MD - Family Medicine & Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine & Jerome B. Simon, MD, FRCPC, FACP - Gastroenterology